Thesis Adviser: Ar./EnP. Gerelson Ray R. Bernardino, UAP, PIEP, MSCM, CPM, CIPM
Bachelor of Science in Architecture, University of Batangas Lipa Campus,
Levisted Hwy, Lipa, Batangas, Philippines
2024
SUMMARY
Many consider indigenous people to be beneath them because many of them are uneducated in the sense that they did not receive the globally acknowledged formal education. Many also adhere to a more primitive style of living, devoid of the globally available technology. They are excluded due to their unusual look, style of life, and lack of understanding of the country's rules. The Mangyans were Mindoro's original inhabitants before the Spaniards' arrival. Their lands were confiscated, and they were compelled to go to the highlands and construct their homes there. The effects of centuries of tyranny are still being felt today. Numerous lowlanders’ dupe Mangyans into fraudulent labor contracts, discussions, and loan shark debts, and they frequently succeed in convincing Mangyans to sell or abandon their ancestral domains (Kumar 2011).
Development of the culturally responsive community preserves the IP community's culture in San Teodoro Philippines because there are statements claiming the slowly vanishing culture of Iraya Mangyan and many other Iraya Mangyan customs and traditions are now on the brink of disintegration and disappearance. Like the Iraya Mangyans' ritual for the dead according to Lolo Gorio an Iraya Mangyan informant, the Iraya language is also losing its place in contemporary Iraya Mangyan society. Currently, only a few adults can speak the native Iraya language. More so, these adults seldom use Iraya as a medium of communication and prefer to use Tagalog in social interaction. This practice eventually led to the apparent decline of the Iraya language.
Iraya Mangyans and other indigenous communities belong to the country's marginalized population. According to Iraya Mangyans from Oriental Mindoro, the government has established housing projects for them. However, the community's architecture was modeled on the design of most Tagalog houses rather than the Iraya Mangyans' traditional Balay Lakoy with their culture and natural surroundings. Moreover, many indigenous youngsters are intelligent and desire an education. But they lack schools and cannot pay the expense, which is why corporate prospectors are always duped when visiting their ancestral territories. Few of their elders and leaders possess the ability to read and write, as well, as the community's relatively poor health; basic ailments such as the common cold are worsened by complications and can even be fatal. It is due to the lack of health care facilities and community professionals. In addition to the deplorable status of social services, tribal leaders addressed the unfair trade system for their agricultural products. They have suffered the low costs of the fruits and vegetables they bring down from the highlands for so long to purchase kitchenware and other needs.
The researcher used a descriptive research design to collect data that would aid in the development of the study. This method is used to investigate the livelihood and community center of Iraya Mangyan in Mindoro. According to Gay (1992), descriptive research entails collecting data to test hypotheses or respond to the research questions. Observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it is the objective of descriptive research design. It is a valid technique for conducting research on particular topics and as a precursor to more studies.
Thus, the study will employ descriptive research designs. The study aims to find substantial real evidence in the process that specialist groups can readily adopt, as these designs may have standards measures that must be implemented in completing the task for conducting researchers as required for the completion of the study.
The proposed site is located at Caagutayan it is a barangay in the municipality of San Teodoro, in the province of Oriental Mindoro. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 3,059. This represented 16.00% of the total population of San Teodoro. The chosen site is located in the socialized housing zone (shz) and is the current village for the Iraya Mangyans it is located in Brgy. Caagutayan San Teodoro Oriental Mindoro. According to the Tax Declaration given by the San Teodoro Assessors Office the site was zoned for.
However, given the users will be members of the Iraya Mangyan tribe and have 1,956 individuals, whose communities are located distant from urban areas, this will only be utilized to facilitate quick access to aid in their community. it is used. This criterion demonstrates the need of mai ntaining the environment while maximizing urban development. As undeveloped property, it affords the opportunity for several developments without many environmental constraints. Although it was categorized as a communal dwelling zone for tax purposes, it is possible to plant in the region since it is a dry land with several small trees and grassland, which makes it even less likely to be used for agricultural purposes.
In a very anthropocentric society, where humans are often found at the center, eco-centric aspects are taking over the design world. The overarching focus on sustainability and the widespread agreement of many to cut down on waste has caused a desire for designers to expand into eco-centric designs that provide both function and are environmentally friendly.
Building a home now without some sort of way to harness the natural resource of the sun's energy is considered unusual. Solar panels are widely accepted as a normal way to harness energy as other products become solar powered. The popularity of the technology has minimized the price point of solar power systems, even if lowered slightly, in order to make this option more available to the masses.
Eco-centric design calls for the use of building materials that are super-efficient. Keeping the outside air outside, as well as filtering the indoor air space, is a key part of designing a building that is sustainable. Triple paned windows are now used to lessen air loss whereas double paned remained the standard for decades. New styles of building materials have also emerged including the use of Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF) that also greatly minimize air loss and help retain the building's temperature. The quality at which eco-centric buildings are designed allows for a massive reduction in air transfer resulting in increased air tight capacities.
Indigenous peoples of the Philippines belong to various racial groupings and inhabit various regions. There are over a hundred indigenous communities (NCIP, 2010), with approximately 61% residing in Mindanao, 33% in Luzon, and 6% in the Visayas. The indigenous peoples, who have been mostly "forgotten" by the government, are experiencing difficulties. Some of these realities result from discrimination and contempt for Indigenous Peoples, while others result from bad planning by national governments. All of these factors contribute to the increased marginalization and vulnerability faced by Indigenous Peoples, particularly during times of crisis. Indigenous Peoples are no strangers to disease and calamity. Indigenous Peoples have developed responses and coping mechanisms – based on traditional knowledge, rituals, and practices – to various events affecting their communities throughout generations. These are predicated on one essential principle: ensuring the community's survival.
There has always been a project for the Mangyans, but it has always failed in terms of the design of their dwelling and how it relates to their way of life and agriculture. The fact that there are numerous projects in which they have used lowland design for individual homes, as opposed to the community housing known as "balay-lakoy."
In conclusion, Iraya Mangyans have suffered dramatically in their community due to housing, healthcare systems, commerce, and the extinction of their culture. Consequently, this project will assist with the issues facing the community. Community-based health care ensures the village has a competent professional health officer. This should be accessible to them, and they should also have access to health coverage. To provide sturdy housing projects based on their Balay Lakoy from the government that includes indigenous people and not just lowlanders, a literacy center that shall provide primary education for elders who lack education due to location constraints, and to educate and raise awareness among lowlanders about the Mangyan's way of life, culture, beliefs, language, and history. Thus, the project can assist the community in preserving its rich culture and use its distinctiveness to sell its products (woven baskets, etc.) and attract tourists/residents interested in experiencing this cultural diversity.
Prior to this study, there were many issues regarding how it may benefit the cultural identity of the Indigenous Iraya Mangyan, given that it is a component of their whole culture and advancement in the modern world. Because this will be the only means by which the Iraya Mangyans' identity can be carried from generation to generation without the risk of extinction.
Thus, cultural identity can provide a sense of belonging, purpose, social support, and worth to a community. The researcher strongly supports the adoption of Eco-Centric Architecture to achieve the goal of preserving and maintaining the cultural identity of the Iraya Mangyans of Mindoro indigenous people.
Furthermore, the researcher recommends Utilizing the indigenous balay-lakoy style for the Iraya Mangoyan community dwellings. Because it will represent the culture and identity of the Iraya Mangyans. And to use bamboo as the primary material for the building of the overall project and lastly to adopt Eco-Centric Architecture for the project because it places significance on all organisms as they relate to the lives of Iraya Mangyans; this approach will benefit the community because the Iraya's once lived as one with nature and always will.
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