sample board exam questions for ALE Day 2 AM session on Structural Conceptualization (General conceptualization of structural design, including a basic understanding of seismic analysis)
1. Diagonal cracks inclined at about 45° near the supports of a reinforced concrete beam indicate failure due to:
2. The internal action that causes overturning at the base of a shear wall under lateral loads is:
3. The twisting effect experienced by edge beams supporting cantilever slabs on one side is known as:
4. In seismic design, columns are required to be stronger than beams primarily to prevent:
5. The location of maximum bending moment in a cantilever beam is at the:
6. Which statement about torsion in columns is CORRECT?
7. Which structural element is MOST effective in resisting earthquake-induced lateral loads?
8. In a simply supported beam under uniform load, the maximum shear force and maximum bending moment:
9. Which statement correctly describes the primary function of beams in a structure?
10. Torsional effects in buildings are MOST likely to increase when:
11. In a continuous beam over multiple supports, the negative bending moment is maximum at:
12. The primary purpose of a foundation is to:
13. In structural analysis, the deflection of a simply supported beam under uniform load is maximum at:
14. A column that fails due to buckling rather than crushing is likely:
15. In a portal frame subjected to lateral load, the primary internal action in the beams at the connection with columns is:
16. The main structural function of a floor diaphragm in seismic design is to:
17. A simply supported beam subjected to a triangular load has its maximum bending moment:
18. P-delta effect in tall buildings refers to:
19. In reinforced concrete slabs, deflection can be minimized by:
20. The function of a braced frame in a building is to:
21. In seismic design, a “soft story” refers to a floor that:
22. The slope of the shear force diagram at any section of a beam is equal to:
23. In a cantilever column, the maximum bending moment occurs at:
24. The principal purpose of a footing is to:
25. The term “ductility” in seismic design refers to:
26. In reinforced concrete, the neutral axis shifts upward when:
27. A shear lag effect in a wide flange beam refers to:
28. The primary function of a tie in a reinforced concrete column is to:
29. The critical slenderness ratio for a column depends on:
30. The lateral torsional buckling in beams is prevented by:
ANSWERS HERE:
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
(CONCEPTUAL LEVEL)
A. Rationale and Description
1. Understanding of the fundamentals of mechan¬ics, strength of materials and theory of struc¬tures; and
2. General conceptualization of the structural design for a building/ structure, its principles and analyses of the structural elements for the various types of construction materials, methods and systems to be used for the foundation, superstructure and shell of the building/ structure.
B. Terminal Competencies for LEA Candidates
1. Ability to apply in practice the principles of public safety and structural stability;
2. Ability to generally conceptualize the building/ structure under combined loads and seismic forces;
3. Awareness, appreciation and general understanding of he principles of stress and strain, bending, shear, torsion under plain and combined loads, shear and moment, determinate and indeterminate structures and elastic stability of columns;
4. Ability to conceptualize structural design for simple timber, steel, reinforced concrete and composite buildings/ structures;
5. Ability to apply relevant provisions of P.D. No. 1096 (the 1977 National Building Code of the Philippines/ NBCP), the National Structural Code of the Philippines and other NBCP Referral Codes for simple timber and steel structures and simple reinforced concrete and composite buildings/ structures.
6. Ability to read, understand and generally interpret structural plans, details, drawings, documents and soil investigation reports.
C. Scope
General conceptualization of structural design (including a basic understanding of seismic analysis), in the following building mate¬rials and construction systems:
a. Timber;
b. Reinforced concrete;
c. Structural steel;
d. Composite structures; and
e. Advanced construction methods.
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