Thesis Title: PROJECT LINKAEGIS: A Proposed UP-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) in Diliman, Q.C.
Proponent: Bungay, Jeremiah S.
Design Adviser: Ar. Marie Therese Santiano, UAP, LEED, AP, BD+C
School: National University – Manila
Year of Defense: 2023
DESIGN SYNOPSIS OF THESIS
Introduction and Background
The Philippine healthcare system is facing a significant issue because of this immigration of medical professionals. In 2019, there was around one doctor or nurse for every 20,000 citizens, which is insufficient for a population's needs. Based on the DOH Annual Hospital Statistical Reports and data in 2020, the highest Authorized Bed Capacity (ABC) on all the region is in National Capital Region (NCR) where the number of Implementing Bed Capacity failed to reach the allowed Authorized Bed Capacity. In Quezon City, Highest number of infant deaths and maternal deaths was recorded in the year 2020. In 2021, the quarantine facilities for COVID-19 patients are at 83 percent. Other public hospitals in Quezon City also shows a significant number of occupancy rate where it reaches its full and surpass the capacity.
PGH Diliman is projected to be the catchment area of the cities or municipalities within a 30-kilometer radius of the site which primarily includes NCR and contiguous provinces of Bulacan and Rizal. It is envisioned to be a world-class hospital that is accessible to all, will accommodate a total of 700-bed nursing units, seeks to complement and enhance the capabilities and capacity of PGH Manila and to reduce increasing overcrowding issues.
The project’s site is situated in the institutional land of University of the Philippines Diliman, fronting the Central Avenue that connects to Visayas Avenue and Commonwealth Avenue. It is also adjacent to the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI) in Diliman, Quezon City. The site has a 0-3 percent range of slope which classified as flat or level land. The land area allotted for the project was reduced to 4.2 hectares based on the assessment of the scientists.
Main Objective
The main objective of this study is to provide an accessible world-class healthcare to the community, complement and enhance the capabilities and capacity of PGH Manila, reduce increasing overcrowding issues and offer specialized services among other public hospitals through Salutogenic architecture approach.
Minor Problems and Architectural Objectives
1. What will be the design approach in terms of planning and layout of the spaces to promote an efficient circulation aspect in the hospital?
Architectural Objectives: To design a hospital that incorporates an efficient wayfinding system and proper arrangement of spaces.
Strategy: Determine the various aspects on achieving an efficient wayfinding system. Also, identify the standards and guidelines from DOH and WHO for the ideal layout of spaces.
2. What is the best architectural solution to shift the users’ experience from the typical institutional approach to a healing and tranquil design of a hospital?
Architectural Objectives: To plan and design a hospital which incorporate spaces that provides a healing and relaxing aspect for the improvement of user’s experience.
Strategy: Generate survey questions, interview, and desk research that aims to determine the user’s perception on the Salutogenic approach on the hospitals.
3. How will the hospital’s design address the unforeseen natural occurring earthquake related disasters?
Architectural Objectives: To generate structural concepts and approach that will help to produce a seismic resilient hospital.
Strategy: Determine a structural approach that is proven and has already been used internationally.
4. What will be considered to achieve a hospital that addresses the special treatment in the design which concerns to sensitivity of air circulation?
Architectural Objectives: To design a hospital that incorporates an efficient and effective design which addresses its sensitivity to infectious air circulation.
Strategy: Determine different advancement in technology and designs from studies and journals that are evidenced based on the COVID-19 pandemic.
5. What is the ideal configuration and orientation of the spaces inside the hospital?
Architectural Objectives: To generate concepts on configuration and orientation of spaces that will give an ease for the user’s efficient and effective experience inside the hospital as well as to save energy.
Strategy: Determine concepts and standards on configuration and orientation from DOH and WHO.
6. Which type of color palette should be applied on the design of the hospital to provide a healing and relaxing environment?
Architectural Objectives: To determine the variety of colors that aids fast recovery and provide a healing and relaxing environment for the users.
Strategy: Determine studies, survey, and interview to gather data for ideal color schemes applied on the hospital’s interior that provides healing and relaxing environment for the users.
Significance of the Study
Architectural Field: PGH Diliman is intended to be a world-class public hospital. Considering the benefits of the other major components, the hospital will be one of the prominent buildings that will reflect the architectural growth of the country. Through sustainable and advanced technology, architectural design will play an essential growth for the staffs’ performance and care quality.
Philippine Health Care System: One of the key features of the Universal Health Care (UHC) law is to assist the health sector with massive reforms in terms of service and financial coverage. PGH As the national university hospital and premier referral center, the PGH Diliman project will provide an additional accessible healthcare service for all especially for those low-income earners who seek public medical services.
Community: The PGH Diliman will seek to complement and enhance the capabilities and capacity of the PGH Manila which is the current core referral facility in the healthcare field. It will serve all primary and secondary health facilities in Quezon City and contiguous areas, helping as well to solve the overcrowding in hospitals (PPP Center, 2021).
Health Workers: The PGH Diliman will seek to improve the quality of experience in the hospital setting. It will also help to provide more local jobs for health workers.
Site Analysis
Site Analysis contains relevant information, justification, and analysis that pertains to the project’s site. Macro data analysis includes geographical location, climate, temperature, geology, specific zoning ordinance, hazards, geological, topography, availability of utilities, air quality analysis, road networks, availability of transportation, proximity to institutional buildings, proximity to existing hospitals, and proximity to medical related buildings. Micro data analysis includes the location details, neighborhood context, availability of public transportation, location of major and minor paths, existing site condition, site dimension, topography, microclimate analysis, noise pollution, and site views. SWOT Analysis is also investigated where the Conceptual Site Development Plan was derived. Highest and best use of the site, conceptual zoning on site, cross ventilation flow, and surface of heat analysis was formulated for conceptual analysis. Lastly, design goals, objectives, and strategies are identified considering the site analysis data.
Design Objectives
The Architectural objectives of this project aims to design a hospital that incorporates an efficient wayfinding system; To plan and design a hospital which incorporate spaces that provides a healing and relaxing environment; To generate structural concepts and approach that will help to produce a seismic resilient hospital; To design a hospital that incorporates an effective design which addresses its sensitivity to infectious air; To generate concepts on configuration and orientation of spaces that will give an ease for the user’s experience; And to determine the variety of colors that aids fast recovery and provide a healing and relaxing environment.
Design Concept
The design concept “LINKAEGIS” was derived from the word link, which means to connect users and spaces and word aegis which gives a sense of support and protection. The concept of LINK aims to connect spaces for an efficient wayfinding system, link the users into a garden space link the users to relaxing and calming views, link the children to their comfort space (play area), link buildings through a series of bridge/walkways to ease long paths and to link natural light into spaces that will minimize energy consumption. The concept of "AEGIS" was derived from the Salutogenic Architecture design approach which aims to provide a sense of support and protection for the users.
A Psychosocially Supportive Design as a framework for removing anxiety through the physical design of spaces is the main idea of a Salutogenic Design. Building typologies such as the proposed UP-PGH Diliman which caters healthcare is the most advantageous on this concept because its built environment determines patient recovery and fosters a natural healing process.
For the design strategies, operable windows are utilized in the skylight roof. It aims to provide natural ventilation inside the courtyard garden and penetrate to the rooms oriented on the middle. Natural lights are also considered through skylight roof. It will provide efficiency in energy in day time. The roof deck was utilized as an urban farm where the harvested crops will be used in the hospital kitchen. Buckling Restrained Braces (BRB) was also used to add strength to the building and achieve a better seismic resiliency.
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