By:
Domingo, Raniel Darren A.
Lopez, Alexandra G.
Architectural Thesis Advisers:
Ar. Raymond T. Co
Ar. Marco F. Bildan
Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Tarlac State University
May 2023
1.0 Research Abstract
In this study, the researchers aimed to assist the LGU of San Clemente in creating a Development Plan
for specified tourism sites in Sitio Dueg, in response to the growing tourism in the area. The researchers
explored the Ancient Concept of Genius loci or the Sense of Place, as discussed by Architectural
Phenomenologist Christian Norberg-Schulz, to develop a plan that would align with the context of
Sitio Dueg. The researchers employed the Descriptive research method to gather comprehensive data
and proposed solutions for the identified problems.
The findings suggested that the Genius Loci of Sitio Dueg was firmly grounded in its natural
environment and the local community. The results also indicated that the agreed-upon facilities
enhanced visitors' immersion in nature and the community. These facilities included campsites and
interactive spaces that showcased the local industry of Sitio Dueg.
Based on the results, the researchers concluded that the project should focus on the development of
tourism infrastructure that offers day tours and accommodations. Such an approach would help the
LGU enhance the existing tourism experience in the area by providing more activities for visitors.
Furthermore, it would benefit the local community by introducing the visitors to the local industry
through interactive spaces. The identified Genius Loci of Sitio Dueg would serve as the Design
Concept, ensuring that the Project truly captures the essence of being in Sitio Dueg.
1.1 Background of the Study
Over the past few years, there was a noticeable increase in tourist arrival in Sitio Dueg San Clemente,
Tarlac. The Municipal Planning and Development Office of San Clemente stated that the government
was still developing long-term plans for the tourism of Sitio Dueg that would benefit the community
and the municipality while preserving the environment and the genius loci of the area. As many
resources were limited, the government had to consider if their sustainable sources, such as cultural
and natural heritage, could be utilized. These attractions could become economic resources and benefit
the community.
The physical environment became one of the primary sources of tourism. It was critical to recognize
that the stability and preservation of current assets were only feasible by shifting viewpoints about the
environment and its relationships. Discussions of tourism in the social sciences highlighted the
importance of innovation in intangible assets, cultural heritage, and the dynamics of interactions
between local populations and visitors. As a result, the local community's quality of life was a crucial
component of tourism planning (Lukic, 2020).
2.0 Place and Placemaking
A place consists of three key components: location, locale, and a sense of place. Location is the position
of a particular point on the surface of the Earth. Locale is the physical setting for relationships between
people. Finally, a sense of place is the emotions someone attached to an area based on their
experiences. Norberg-Schulz (1979) defines a place as concrete characteristics or structures and
abstract features or meanings: both are aspects of the same reality.
Placemaking is a type of inclusive urban and spatial planning. It encompasses the public and private
sectors, civic groups, travelers, and, most importantly, the general public or citizens. The foundation
of placemaking is the interplay between cross-sectoral collaboration and neighborhood participation.
Placemaking is frequently referred to as a holistic approach, partly because it involves many social
groups participating in the planning process and addresses various issues.
3.0 Genius Loci
In today's world, we understand Genius Loci as something deeply personal—a feeling or sense of
connection we have with our surroundings. It's all about how we perceive the bonds, conversations,
and moments that link us to the places we inhabit, shaped by religion, social gatherings, cultural
practices, or simply the people who live there. Scholars like Norberg-Schulz K., Day K., Symonds,
and K. Lynch have delved into this idea, identifying key elements that define the spirit of a place: its
landscape, architecture, function, and the people who give it life.
When we study Genius Loci, we find that the landscape plays a pivotal role, shaping our perception of
a place. Architecture, too, carries immense significance, reflecting the unique regional and cultural
traits of a location while influencing human behavior. And let's not forget about the function of a place
and the historical backdrop that infuses meaning into every aspect of it. But perhaps the most dynamic
element is us—the people. After all, it's our actions and interactions that shape the architecture and
urban spaces around us.
According to Norberg-Schulz (1980), Genius Loci isn't something static; it's the result of ongoing
interactions between our personal experiences and the physical environment. It's about seeking
authenticity, forming a deep connection with a place, and finding meaning in its existence.
3.1 Landscape
Sitio Dueg, situated 800 meters above sea level, boasts rolling to hilly terrain and fertile land ideal for
farming. Its vast forestland is teeming with flora and fauna, including Wild boar and deer hunted by
locals. Indigenous plants like ferns and fire trees are gathered for various purposes, including
landscaping and crafting hand-woven products. The lush vegetation and winding trails evoke a sense
of mystery and connection to nature, highlighting the importance of integrating natural elements into
architectural projects.
3.2 Architecture
The architectural landscape of Sitio Dueg blends innovation with tradition, with early settlers
constructing houses using Kugon grass roofs and bamboo walls. More modern structures feature
combinations of concrete, wood, and galvanized iron roofing. Preserving this architectural heritage is
crucial in maintaining the area's unique character and identity.
3.3 Function
Sitio Dueg has served as a land of opportunity since its discovery. Originally used for upland farming
and logging, it later became a resettlement area for Indigenous people displaced by the Mt. Pinatubo
eruption in 1991. Today, it continues to attract visitors seeking tranquillity and immersion in nature,
reflecting the enduring allure of its humble beginnings.
3.4 Man
The settlers, hailing from various municipalities, viewed Sitio Dueg as a place for farming or
relaxation. Similarly, contemporary visitors are drawn to its peaceful and serene atmosphere,
reinforcing its context as a haven for peace and harmony with nature.
In conclusion, understanding Sitio Dueg's natural, architectural, and cultural landscape is essential for
any project seeking to integrate seamlessly with its surroundings and capture the essence of its Genius
Loci. By honoring its past and embracing its present, we can create spaces that resonate with the spirit
of Sitio Dueg and offer an authentic experience to all who visit.
4.0 Conclusion
The study concluded that the Genius Loci of Sitio Dueg was firmly rooted in its Natural Environment.
In pursuit of enhancing the current tourism experience in the area, The Community, LGU, Tourists,
and professionals mostly suggested Activities and facilities that would immerse the people more in
their surroundings and the locals because they also wanted to offer their products and services. The
LGU had identified three sites they wanted to develop. Two sites would be under the Forest Land Use
Agreement for tourism Purposes. The researchers decided that an Eco-Cultural Camp was the most
suitable project for the identified problems and needs. This camp would offer activities like Broom
making, weaving, and rentable stalls for day tourists. A flower garden and pavilions for families and
friends to enjoy, Spaces for special events such as weddings, team building, or even Masses, and
camping and glamping facilities for overnight visitors. These activities could help capture the sense of
being in Sitio Dueg. It would also help the community generate extra income and help the LGU provide
a development plan for the identified tourism development sites.
Applying the concept of Genius loci to the project could help produce more site-specific designs. It
could also help mitigate the project's negative impact on the surroundings. Studying the Genius loci of
Sitio Dueg enabled the researchers to identify small details about the place they could use during the
design process. In conclusion, the researchers considered the project feasible because all the spaces
they had included were agreed upon by the parties involved.
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