Sustainability in Architecture is a form of approach where it is most vital today
due to utmost awareness in terms of climate change and global warming. Calamities
are occurring more frequent than before, and Sustainable and Green Architecture is
one way of how architects promote conserving earth through design. But how could
one achieve awareness towards new approach on sustainable architecture? Through
designs that people could easily see and appreciate, and what structure do people
use more outside of their homes? Transport Infrastructures.
The Municipality of Daraga is considered as a highly distinguishable node,
especially its center. A node is where intersections meet or a central point. The copious
vehicles traversing throughout Daraga imposes the need for a transport terminal. The
lack of a set transport terminal aggravates this situation with main roads and streets
being used as pick-up and drop-off points by different vehicles. This deregulation
created terminals of different modes scattered throughout Daraga, turning the whole
municipality center into a city-wide-transport terminal. However, these terminals are
deemed small in terms of their capacity to accommodate a significant number of
vehicles. Aside from worsened traffic jams, this problem compromises the safety and
convenience of commuters and drivers.
Since Daraga has been lacking public infrastructure that causes traffic. A thesis
of a multimodal transport terminal on a multi-nodal location in the south shall be a
desirable undergraduate thesis that tackles both social and environmental issues. With
the said current conditions, the thesis “DAHIKULO: A Sustainable Daraga
Multimodal Transport Terminal integrating Net-Zero Energy”, coined from two
tagalog words “Daopin” or “to merge” and “behikulo” meaning “vehicle” and when
combined means “To merge all vehicles” is realized. The Terminal being Multimodal,
DAHIKULO shall cater Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJs), UV Express Vans and
Public Utility Buses (PUBs). Aside from the multimodal terminal, the proponents
incorporated Cable Car Ropeway System. This will serve as linkage to major points
within Daraga and a new, efficient and sustainable approach to moving people.
The proponents’ direct approach to Sustainable Architecture is the integration
of Net-Zero Energy concept (NZE). The Philippines currently has no NZE, a terminal
will be an effective edifice to apply such complicated concept. NZE can be defined as
an energy efficient building where the actual building energy needed is less than or
equal to the on-site renewable energy produced. With enough renewable resources,
a ZNE Building can generate income from selling excess energy through grids.
The design shall be a balance between aesthetic, resiliency and efficiency held
together by culture and character. The Beauty of Mayon Volcano interpreted as an
Architectural Character will be DAHIKULO’s design concept. The Province of Albay
holds a mythical legend of Mt. Mayon one whose characters were used to symbolize
the factors that embodies DAHIKULO. Magayon as the Aesthetic factor, Pangoronon
symbolizes Resiliency, and Pagtuga who represents the Functional/Efficient factor of
the structure. Taking the legend as an inspiration, an identity in the design will be
formed and will be evident on the structures of DAHIKULO. This concept that
DAHIKULO is anchored upon intends to provide a facility showcases the harmonious
relationship between the architectural elements while it reflects the people, the cultural
character, and Daraga itself.
The site was planned to create a balanced interaction between the users and
the vehicles while still being sustainable. Layouts of Vehicular flow, Pedestrian flow,
Privacy Zoning, Stimulus Zoning, Orientation and Entrances were provided for a clear
illustration of the site development plan.
Since the thesis is aiming to be the first net-zero energy building in the country,
an energy matrix has been formulated. This matrix is produced by simply
understanding how the MEPFS works. By providing this matrix, a user can list down
major equipment of such components and from there shall have an estimate of how
much energy is needed. By knowing the equipment and appliances needed for the
building, the proponents then computed the number of solar panels that shall balance
the energy. Upon calculation of at least 5.28 hours as sunlight peak hours every day
for solar power estimation, 4900 solar panels will be mounted within the site. The
thesis has successfully achieved the concept by having a total net-energy of -0.91
kwh/m2/a. The reason for having a negative result is due to the renewable production
exceeding the buildings’ energy use, therefore, its net energy use index (EUI) is below
zero (-), therefore creating surplus energy. The application of Net-Zero Energy concept
will be a great investment, for in the future, the owner will never pay energy to National
Grid Corporations anymore, excess electricity can be mounted on grids through tie
inverters for extra income, and the use of renewable resources to sustain the building
shall drastically reduce its negative impact on the environment.
Design Sustainable Strategies includes the use of Skylight, Passive Cooling,
Rainwater Harvesting, Shearwind Harvesting, Efficient Envelope, Mini Solar
Farm, and the use of Sustainable Materials. Shearwind Harvester is an innovation inspired by Invelox whose main purpose is to force wind into a direction natural winds
won’t flow. It also has fan blades to increase the shear of wind. It follows the Venturi’s
Principle – when the wind enters the structure, it flows through tight spaces making
the wind much faster and the wind force greater upon exiting the structure. By
providing Shearwind Harvesters, the whole site, especially the buildings surrounding
it, would have great natural ventilation and might prevent urban heat island effect. Rain
Water Harvesting is great for conserving water, as the water collected from the cistern
can be used for irrigation and as a substitute for toilet flush. To change the norm of
simple yet standard aray of solar farms, the proponents introduced a modern and
innovative approach to harvest electricity through creative design – these are Solar
Parking Sheds and Solar Trees. Solar Parking Sheds is a sustainable approach on
shading parking slots of different vehicle types on site and can also produce electricity.
A transport terminal having multiple parking areas will be beneficial on achieving net-
zero energy. Solar trees are distributed all over the site creating a mini solar farm and
mimicking that of a tree’s ability to photosynthesis. Trees such as coconut, palm, and
broad-leaf are very abundant on site and will be replanted to reduce site disturbance.
Bamboos are also planted for it is one of the main building materials and it is a
sustainable produce for future repairs. The combination of porous concrete,
permeable pavement, and pervious pavement as the site’s hardscape will allow
water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through, thereby reducing
the runoff from a site and allowing groundwater recharge.
Daraga being a node, will always have traffic, though it symbolizes economic prosperity the problem is when the traffic gets worst. Through our study, Cable Car Ropeway System is a sustainable answer to help decongest traffic in Daraga. A mode with exclusive ropeway line in the air guarantees consistent travel times, as the ropeway is not hindered by road traffic and passengers are transported continually. The site is 3 Nautical Miles away from Bicol International Airport, therefore, superstructures with 60 meters above ground level (AGL) are prohibited and the cable car towers are only 25-30 AGL. It is safe to say that Cable Car Ropeway system is feasible to get build for passing the strictest regulations in terms of structure height.
As DAHIKULO will be the first to integrate a cable car station not only in the province but the whole country, the proponents introduce a Filipino branding term for cable car: “PEDICABLE”. Comes from two joined term “pedicab” or a Filipino public mode of transportation that uses only kinetic energy through pedaling, and the word “cable”. Therefore, the term “PEDICABLE” will denote a Filipino public transportation suspended to a cable. The cable car and its stations shall be called PEDICABLE. The main PEDICABLE Station will be located at the Daraga Transport Terminal, where the propulsion gear and the drive sheave are located. The other two stations are as follow: Bicol International Airport (BIA) PEDICABLE Station and Daraga Center PEDICABLE Station. Linking BIA and Daraga Center using Cable Car will provide a seamless and efficient transport. Tower Management is vital for Cable Car Operations as it will determine the flow or circulation from one station to another. Transmission towers are mapped together with the cable car towers to determine safely if there are any collision or contacts. Since DAHIKULO is located near BIA, the proponents made sure that towers will not be an obstruction to approach-departure zones of airplanes.
The Terminal Building has features such as: Lava Inspired Skylights for natural daylighting; and Overhead Tanks for water collection that conserves electricity through down-feed system. Inclusivity as one of the design principles, facilities for the specially-abled such as ramps with 1:12 ratios, ramps on curbs, elevators, adjustable support platforms on bus bays, pwd parking lots and comfort rooms are integrated.
DAHIKULO’s main functional division of spaces includes the Daraga Terminal Building, PEDICABLE Stations, UV Express and Jeep Terminal Building, and M.U.S.S. Building (Maintenance, Utility, Services and Security).
The thesis aims to uplift the standards of a transport terminal not just in Bicol, but in the whole country through being the first Net-Zero Energy building – designed to create a built environment that uses and generates clean energy through innovations proving its adaptability to climate change. A facility equipped with a new mode of transportation that is different from our conventional modes – the PEDICABLE will serve not only as a recreational tool but an answer to traffic issues in the area. As Transport Terminals are gateways of a certain places, it must be “Iconic” yet must serve its function. A terminal that is inclusive to all and prioritizing people with disabilities. A terminal that shall reflect the character of the place through architecture, and shall embody Beauty, Functionality, and Strength – a Daragueño character. Lastly, a terminal that will connect the government and its people with the architecture being not just a structure but a model that will serve them not just the purpose of its function but the sustainability factor that an edifice can do adjacent to the environment.
DAHIKULO, A Catalyst of Sustainable Transport Infrastructure and Center of Travel in the South.
"DAHIKULO: A Sustainable Daraga Multimodal Transport Terminal integrating Net-Zero Energy"
by
JADZ LITERAL & VANESSA ELLA FAY BERMIDO 
Daraga being a node, will always have traffic, though it symbolizes economic prosperity the problem is when the traffic gets worst. Through our study, Cable Car Ropeway System is a sustainable answer to help decongest traffic in Daraga. A mode with exclusive ropeway line in the air guarantees consistent travel times, as the ropeway is not hindered by road traffic and passengers are transported continually. The site is 3 Nautical Miles away from Bicol International Airport, therefore, superstructures with 60 meters above ground level (AGL) are prohibited and the cable car towers are only 25-30 AGL. It is safe to say that Cable Car Ropeway system is feasible to get build for passing the strictest regulations in terms of structure height.
As DAHIKULO will be the first to integrate a cable car station not only in the province but the whole country, the proponents introduce a Filipino branding term for cable car: “PEDICABLE”. Comes from two joined term “pedicab” or a Filipino public mode of transportation that uses only kinetic energy through pedaling, and the word “cable”. Therefore, the term “PEDICABLE” will denote a Filipino public transportation suspended to a cable. The cable car and its stations shall be called PEDICABLE. The main PEDICABLE Station will be located at the Daraga Transport Terminal, where the propulsion gear and the drive sheave are located. The other two stations are as follow: Bicol International Airport (BIA) PEDICABLE Station and Daraga Center PEDICABLE Station. Linking BIA and Daraga Center using Cable Car will provide a seamless and efficient transport. Tower Management is vital for Cable Car Operations as it will determine the flow or circulation from one station to another. Transmission towers are mapped together with the cable car towers to determine safely if there are any collision or contacts. Since DAHIKULO is located near BIA, the proponents made sure that towers will not be an obstruction to approach-departure zones of airplanes.
The Terminal Building has features such as: Lava Inspired Skylights for natural daylighting; and Overhead Tanks for water collection that conserves electricity through down-feed system. Inclusivity as one of the design principles, facilities for the specially-abled such as ramps with 1:12 ratios, ramps on curbs, elevators, adjustable support platforms on bus bays, pwd parking lots and comfort rooms are integrated.
DAHIKULO’s main functional division of spaces includes the Daraga Terminal Building, PEDICABLE Stations, UV Express and Jeep Terminal Building, and M.U.S.S. Building (Maintenance, Utility, Services and Security).
The thesis aims to uplift the standards of a transport terminal not just in Bicol, but in the whole country through being the first Net-Zero Energy building – designed to create a built environment that uses and generates clean energy through innovations proving its adaptability to climate change. A facility equipped with a new mode of transportation that is different from our conventional modes – the PEDICABLE will serve not only as a recreational tool but an answer to traffic issues in the area. As Transport Terminals are gateways of a certain places, it must be “Iconic” yet must serve its function. A terminal that is inclusive to all and prioritizing people with disabilities. A terminal that shall reflect the character of the place through architecture, and shall embody Beauty, Functionality, and Strength – a Daragueño character. Lastly, a terminal that will connect the government and its people with the architecture being not just a structure but a model that will serve them not just the purpose of its function but the sustainability factor that an edifice can do adjacent to the environment.
DAHIKULO, A Catalyst of Sustainable Transport Infrastructure and Center of Travel in the South.
"DAHIKULO: A Sustainable Daraga Multimodal Transport Terminal integrating Net-Zero Energy"
by
BICOL UNIVERSITY
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